GIT - 05/05/2024

Version Control System

Version Control System (VCS) is a software that helps software developers to work together and maintain a complete history of their work.

GIT Terminologies

Local Repository

Every VCS tool provides a private workplace as a working copy. Developers make changes in their private workplace and after commit, these changes become a part of the repository. Git takes it one step further by providing them a private copy of the whole repository. Users can perform many operations with this repository such as add file, remove file, rename file, move file, commit changes, and many more.

Working Directory and Staging Area or Index

The working directory is the place where files are checked out. In other CVCS, developers generally make modifications and commit their changes directly to the repository. But Git uses a different strategy. Git doesn’t track each and every modified file. Whenever you do commit an operation, Git looks for the files present in the staging area. Only those files present in the staging area are considered for commit and not all the modified files.

Let us see the basic workflow of Git.

Step 1 − You modify a file from the working directory.

Step 2 − You add these files to the staging area.

Step 3 − You perform commit operation that moves the files from the staging area. After push operation, it stores the changes permanently to the Git repository.

Suppose you modified two files, namely “ABC.c” and “123.c” and you want two different commits for each operation. You can add one file in the staging area and do commit. After the first commit, repeat the same procedure for another file.

General workflow is as follows −

=> You clone the Git repository as a working copy.

=>You modify the working copy by adding/editing files.

=>If necessary, you also update the working copy by taking other developer’s changes.

=>You review the changes before commit.

=>You commit changes. If everything is fine, then you push the changes to the repository.

=>After committing, if you realize something is wrong, then you correct the last commit and push the changes to the repository.

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